MIT How to Speak, IAP 2018
Instructor: Patrick Winston
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/how_to_speak

Patrick Winston's How to Speak talk has been an MIT tradition for over 40 years. Offered every January, the talk is intended to improve your speaking ability in critical situations by teaching you a few heuristic rules.

0:16 Introduction
3:11 Rules of Engagement
4:15 How to Start
5:38 Four Sample Heuristics
10:17 The Tools: Time and Place
13:24 The Tools: Boards, Props, and Slides
36:30 Informing: Promise, Inspiration, How To Think
41:30 Persuading: Oral Exams, Job Talks, Getting Famous
53:06 How to Stop: Final Slide, Final Words
56:35 Final Words: Joke, Thank You, Examples

This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu

A visual and musical journey to the edge of our universe, visualizing the fabric of space-time in order to study its dynamics and different forms...

0:00 - Galaxies
2:05 - Big Bang
3:20 - The Earth
6:35 - Black hole
9:10 - Rotating black hole
10:37 - Gravitational waves

You can listen to the soundtrack on SoundCloud :
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This video is narrated by Octave Masson.
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Leslie Lamport revolutionized how computers talk to each other. The Turing Award-winning computer scientist pioneered the field of distributed systems, where multiple components on different networks coordinate to achieve a common objective. (Internet searches, cloud computing and artificial intelligence all involve orchestrating legions of powerful computing machines to work together.) In the early 1980s, Lamport also created LaTeX, a document preparation system that provides sophisticated ways to typeset complex formulas and format scientific documents. In 1989, Lamport invented Paxos, a “consensus algorithm” that allows multiple computers to execute complex tasks; without it, modern computing could not exist. He’s also brought more attention to a handful of problems, giving them distinctive names like the bakery algorithm and the Byzantine Generals Problem. Lamport’s work since the 1990s has focused on “formal verification,” the use of mathematical proofs to verify the correctness of software and hardware systems. Notably, he created a “specification language” called TLA+ (for Temporal Logic of Actions), which employs the precise language of mathematics to prevent bugs and avoid design flaws.

Read more at Quanta Magazine: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../bringing-mathematic

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Quanta Magazine is an editorially independent publication supported by the Simons Foundation https://www.simonsfoundation.org/

#computerscience #math

From January 2019, Scott Pelley's interview with "the oracle of AI," Kai-Fu Lee. From this past April, Pelley's report on Google's AI efforts. And from this past March, Lesley Stahl's story on chatbots like ChatGPT and a world of unknowns.

#news #artificialintelligence #technology

"60 Minutes" is the most successful television broadcast in history. Offering hard-hitting investigative reports, interviews, feature segments and profiles of people in the news, the broadcast began in 1968 and is still a hit, over 50 seasons later, regularly making Nielsen's Top 10.

Subscribe to the “60 Minutes” YouTube channel: http://bit.ly/1S7CLRu
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0:00 Introduction
0:11 The Oracle of AI
12:56 The Revolution (Part 1)
27:33 The Revolution (Part 2)
40:00 Who is minding the chatbots?

Anthropic's new AI model, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, boasts impressive benchmark scores, surpassing even GPT-4 in some areas. This advanced AI excels at complex coding, humor comprehension, and chart interpretation, making it a powerful tool for various applications. With its competitive pricing and user-friendly features, Claude 3.5 Sonnet is emerging as a strong contender in the rapidly evolving AI landscape.

#ai #claude

More people, from their teens to young adults, are getting cancer than ever before, leaving researchers scrambling for clues. Here's what we know, and how you can protect yourself.
---------------------------#health #cancer #insidernews Insider's mission is to inform and inspire.

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Since the time of the ancient Greeks, scientists have been constructing a cosmic measuring tape to measure the universe from our own backyard all the way to its ever-expanding edge: the cosmic distance ladder. In this video, we climb that ladder and explore how each rung has revealed something new and previously unthinkable about the universe we live in.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....cosmic-distance-refe

0:00 How far away are things?
1:05 Near, far, parallax that star
3:25 Island universes and Hubble's blinking star
5:51 Redshifted rainbows and the expanding universe
7:41 Supernovae and the end of everything
9:08 Conclusion: The ladder of discovery
10:00 I'm hosting a game show!



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It would be a lot easier to study the science of dreaming if we weren’t asleep every time we did it. Why do we dream? What does dreaming do for our brains? How did dreaming evolve? Here’s a look at the current theories from psychology and neuroscience.

References:
Barrett, D. (2017), Dreams and creative problem-solving. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1406: 64-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13412
Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Cesare Comoldi, Rossana De Beni, Iino Fagioli, Bizarreness Effect in Dream Recall, Sleep, Volume 16, Issue 2, March 1993, Pages 163–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.2.163
Eagleman DM, Vaughn DA (2021). The Defensive Activation Theory: REM Sleep as a Mechanism to Prevent Takeover of the Visual Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15:632853. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632853
El-Solh, A. A. (2018). Management of nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Current perspectives. Nature and Science of Sleep, 10, 409–420.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30538593/
Hughes, J. Donald. (2000). Dream Interpretation in Ancient Civilizations. Dreaming. 10. 7-18. 10.1023/A:1009447606158.
Káli, S., Dayan, P. Off-line replay maintains declarative memories in a model of hippocampal-neocortical interactions. Nature Neuroscience 7, 286–294 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1202
Montangero, Jacques & Ivanyi, Corinne & Saint-Hilaire, Zara. (2003). Completeness and accuracy of morning reports after a recall cue: Comparison of dream and film reports. Consciousness and cognition. 12. 49-62. 10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00029-6.
Stickgold, R., Malia, A.; Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000). Replaying the Game: Hypnagogic Images in Normals and Amnesics. Science. 290 (5490): 350–353. doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.350.
Valli, K., Revonsuo, A., Pälkäs, O., Ismail, K. H., Ali, K. J., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2005). The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 188–218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15766897/
van der Linden, S. The Science Behind Dreaming. Scientific American. July 26, 2011
Erin J. Wamsley, PhD, Karen Perry, MD, Ina Djonlagic, MD, Laura Babkes Reaven, MD, Robert Stickgold, PhD, Cognitive Replay of Visuomotor Learning at Sleep Onset: Temporal Dynamics and Relationship to Task Performance, Sleep, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.1.59
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There's been a lot of news about gas stoves. At first, I was skeptical about the panic over these appliances. But then I measured the indoor air pollution from our stove and talked to public health experiments.

You can view all sources, learn more about my experiment, and listen to behind-the-scenes interviews on the Distilled website: https://www.distilled.earth/p/i-measured-the-pollution-from-my

#gasstove #gasstoves #climatechange #methane

There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us: “What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?” We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries…

Enjoying our Youtube videos? Get full access to all our audio content, videos, and thousands of thought-provoking articles, conversation cards and more with The School of Life Subscription: https://t.ly/_D9cB


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FURTHER READING

You can read more on this and other subjects in our articles, here: https://t.ly/JYcLU

“There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us:

What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?

We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries:

To please my father, I needed to…
To please my mother, I needed to…

Not to upset my mother, I needed to…
Not to upset my father, I needed to…

Whatever might be claimed, no family ever gives its offspring unconditional love; there is always, more or less subtly, something that one has to do and to be - and other things that must at all costs be skirted…”


MORE SCHOOL OF LIFE

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CREDITS

Produced in collaboration with:

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Title animation produced in collaboration with


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Gastroenterologists Dr. Sophie Balzora and Dr. Ugo Iroku debunk 13 myths about caffeine. They explain what decaf really means, how much caffeine is too much, and if caffeine affects your heart. They also talk about whether caffeine is good for you — plus ways it can actually be beneficial to your health.

Balzora is an assistant professor of medicine and a practicing gastroenterologist at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. She specializes in digestive conditions, colon cancer screening and prevention, and minority and women's health. You can learn more about her work here: https://nyulangone.org/doctors..../1487813994/sophie-m

Iroku is a gastroenterologist at Mount Sinai Hospital and New York Gastroenterology Associates. He has long-standing passion for combating health misinformation and for raising public health literacy. You can learn more about his work here: https://realdoctorugo.com/

0:00 Intro
0:25 Caffeine is bad for you
1:42 Caffeine will make up for lost sleep
2:43 Decaf coffee doesn't have caffeine
3:40 Drinking coffee will stunt your growth
4:46 Caffeine in soda is much less than caffeine in coffee
5:40 Caffeine detoxes your body
6:51 Caffeine dehydrates you
7:48 Caffeine is addictive
8:38 Having more than one cup of coffee a day is bad for you
9:38 You won't be able to sleep if you have caffeine at night
10:52 Caffeine can mess with your heart rhythm
11:52 Tea is healthier than coffee
13:18 The way you prepare your coffee doesn't matter

MORE DEBUNKED VIDEOS:
Cardiologists Debunk 12 Heart Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woh01kAbrTY
Dietitians Debunk 10 Sugar Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM_Dhssz6AM
Dietitian Nutritionists Debunk 19 Diet Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBvKATG6OQ

------------------------------------------------------

#caffeine #debunked #scienceinsider

Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.

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Doctors Debunk 13 Caffeine Myths | Debunked

Are More Expensive Clothes Actually Better Quality?
Instagram → @timdessaint

“You get what you pay for” - I’m sure you’ve heard this saying many times before; and that can certainly be true in many areas. A higher price often comes with better quality/service/experience, but not always; so in today’s video we’re going to find out if that applies to fashion.

Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:46 - Categories of Fashion Brands
2:21 - How To Recognize Poor vs Good Quality In Clothes
7:15 - Does Quality Increase With Price?
9:14 - Price/Quality Relationship In Jewelry
10:18 - The Placebo Effect

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Let's explore the most amazing man-made and natural wonders of our Planet Earth. In this thrilling documentary we will take you on an adventure around the planet, uncovering the most beautiful places that exist on our green planet.

Let's delve into the exploration of awe-inspiring landscapes, including majestic mountains, tumbling waterfalls, expansive glaciers, secret caves, erupting volcanoes, geological craters and canyons, the diverse marine life of underwater worlds, and lush jungles.

We will visit over 150 different locations in this FREE 4k documentary including: Old Man of Storr, Cappadocia, Grand Canyon, Valle de la Luna, Mount Fanjing Temple, Valley of the Baobabs, Lencois Maranhenses, Faroe Islands, Banff National Park, Amazon Rainforest, Matterhorn, Petra, Richat Structure, Monument Valley, Lake Natron, Greenland, Petrified Forest, Waitomo Caves, Death Valley, Moorea, Cliffs of Moher, Nusa Penida, Yosemite, Sahara Desert, Ice Hotel, Angel Falls, Antarctice, Deadvlei, and many many more!

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Travel Documentaries Playlist ➤ https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLFUuuSCBpjS
Untold Natural Wonders Around The World ➤ https://youtu.be/Ihiy9A__QM8
Bucketlist Destinations ➤ https://youtu.be/Cyg3qY1d8AQ

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Travpedia, a vibrant travel channel on YouTube, specializes in engaging travel videos and documentaries. Echoing the spirit of National Geographic and Nat Geo, it offers a rich tapestry of content, from immersive nature documentaries to insightful free documentaries. As a hub for travel education, Travpedia explores the intricacies of tourism, the wonders of Earth, and the captivating world of wildlife documentaries. Inspired by acclaimed series like 'Our Planet' and 'Blue Planet', the channel is a gateway to discovering diverse cultures and landscapes, making it an ideal destination for anyone passionate about the beauty and diversity of our Planet Earth.

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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-....benefits-of-a-good-n

It’s 4am, and the big test is in 8 hours. You’ve been studying for days, but you still don’t feel ready. Should you drink another cup of coffee and spend the next few hours cramming? Or should you go to sleep? Shai Marcu defends the latter option, showing how sleep restructures your brain in a way that’s crucial for how our memory works.

Lesson by Shai Marcu, animation by Javier Saldeña.

Bill Gross has founded a lot of start-ups, and incubated many others — and he got curious about why some succeeded and others failed. So he gathered data from hundreds of companies, his own and other people's, and ranked each company on five key factors. He found one factor that stands out from the others — and surprised even him.

TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes (or less). Look for talks on Technology, Entertainment and Design -- plus science, business, global issues, the arts and much more.
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Today on Behind The Brand, Seth Godin details everything you (probably) don't know about marketing. Marketing is often a misunderstood concept often viewed as simply creating demand and driving brand awareness. Seth Godin dispels this view by explaining the difference between brand marketing and direct marketing, evaluating the value of a brand in marketing, and reviewing key differences between psychographic and demographic marketing.

His great insight into what we don't know about marketing is adopted from his bestseller - Seth Godin, This Is Marketing.

THIS IS Marketing book link: https://amzn.to/2AXqbBk
Click here to get a free audiobook copy of Seth Godin's NEW book: https://amzn.to/3z5gzQx

Here's everything you probably don't know about marketing from bestselling author, Seth Godin. His new book, This IS Marketing is probably the first and last book you'll ever need to buy on marketing. Hope you enjoy this Behind the Brand look with Seth.

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Why does fire burn? What's the chemistry and physics of a flame? This week, learn about the beautiful science happening inside a flame!

Michael Faraday's Christmas lectures on candle chemistry:
http://blogs.scientificamerica....n.com/cocktail-party
http://www.bartleby.com/30/7.html

Flames in space:
http://science.nasa.gov/scienc....e-news/science-at-na

Richard Feynman talking about fire:
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/27299255757/f

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer


Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks


-----------------

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Michio Kaku: The Universe in a Nutshell
Watch the newest video from Big Think: https://bigth.ink/NewVideo
Join Big Think Edge for exclusive videos: https://bigth.ink/Edge
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OVERVIEW:

In a profoundly informative and deeply optimistic discussion, Professor Michio Kaku delivers a glimpse of where science will take us in the next hundred years, as warp drives, teleportation, inter-dimensional wormholes, and even time travel converge with our scientific understanding of physical reality. While firing up our imaginations about the future, he also presents a succinct history of physics to the present.
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MICHIO KAKU:

Dr. Michio Kaku is the co-founder of string field theory, and is one of the most widely recognized scientists in the world today. He has written 4 New York Times Best Sellers, is the science correspondent for CBS This Morning and has hosted numerous science specials for BBC-TV, the Discovery/Science Channel. His radio show broadcasts to 100 radio stations every week. Dr. Kaku holds the Henry Semat Chair and Professorship in theoretical physics at the City College of New York (CUNY), where he has taught for over 25 years. He has also been a visiting professor at the Institute for Advanced Study as well as New York University (NYU).
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TRANSCRIPT:

My name is Professor Michio Kaku. I’m a professor of theoretical physics at the City University of New York and I specialize in something called string theory. I’m a physicist.
Some people ask me the question, “What has physics done for me lately? I mean, do I get better color television, do I get better internet reception with physics?” And the answer is yes. You see, physics is at the very foundation of matter and energy. We physicists invented the laser beam, we invented the transistor. We helped to create the first computer. We helped to construct the internet. We wrote the World Wide Web. In addition, we also helped to invent television, radio, radar, microwaves, not to mention MRI scans, PET scans, x-rays. In other words, almost everything you see in your living room, almost everything you see in a modern hospital, at some point or other, can be traced to a physicist.

Now, I got interested in physics when I was a child. When I was a child of eight, something happened to me that changed my life and I wanted to be part of this grand search for a theory of everything. When I was eight, a great scientist had just died. I still remember my elementary school teacher coming into the...

To read the full transcript and for more info, please visit https://bigthink.com/videos/un....iverse-in-a-nutshell
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Why one of the greatest inventors of all time died penniless.

*Correction: @ 7:03 It's debated who "discovered" America. The 400th anniversary of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 marked Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas.

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Sources:
0:31 Daniel Schwen / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
1:27 Ealdgyth / CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
3:01 Jacquesverlaeken / CC BY-SA BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
7:35 Tesla statue: Milan Suvajac / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:00 Stanislav Kozlovskiy / CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:35 Original image: OneTeslaDerived image: Chetvorno / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:42 Wellcome Collection CC BY 4.0 https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sq2828s9
10:17 Cardiff Council Flat Holm Project / CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
10:54 Wellcome Collection CC BY 4.0 https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sq2828s9

You deserve better than Shein.

Subscribe to our channel and turn on notifications (🔔) so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO

There are countless articles and videos breaking down the abysmal labor practices, horrifying environmental toll, and overall mountain of waste produced by the fast fashion industry. Activists and even just large swaths of the general public have been raising the alarm about this for well over a decade, but it hasn’t stopped the rise of some of the worst offenders in the industry. For example, the ultra-fast fashion brand Shein has skyrocketed in value over the past five years largely due to their marketing success on TikTok. A lot of us know that fast fashion is bad, but the only way companies like Shein still thrive is if we convince ourselves otherwise and hit “add to cart” anyway. So why do we do it?

The answer is that e-commerce has completely warped our view of what items should cost and how long they should last (this includes and extends to our obsession with Amazon and two-day shipping). We’re moving through trends at an unprecedented pace and it’s doomed to get worse if we don’t adjust our buying habits and learn to slow down. Consumers are being manipulated, but we can do better.

Watch the video above to learn more, and don’t forget to check out the Vox article by Izzie Ramirez: https://www.vox.com/even-bette....r/2023/11/14/2395567

You can also watch the sister video to this one from last year on why everything is worse now:
https://youtu.be/DHXBacEH0qo?si=wft1yGpeqbdcv1Vq

Help keep Vox free for everybody: http://www.vox.com/give-now

Sources and further reading:

Related Vox articles:
https://www.vox.com/the-goods/....2020/2/3/21080364/fa
https://www.vox.com/the-goods/....2021/7/19/22535050/g
https://www.vox.com/even-bette....r/2023/11/14/2395567
https://www.vox.com/the-goods/....23529587/consumer-go
https://www.vox.com/2019/9/12/....20860620/fast-fashio
https://www.vox.com/the-goods/....2020/1/27/21080107/f

Fashion transparency index: https://www.fashionrevolution.....org/about/transparen
The state of fashion: https://cdn.businessoffashion.....com/reports/The_Stat
More on the psychology of fast fashion: https://www.thesustainablefash....ionforum.com/pages/t

More on the environmental toll:
https://earth.org/fast-fashion....s-detrimental-effect
https://psci.princeton.edu/tip....s/2020/7/20/the-impa
https://www.unep.org/news-and-....stories/story/enviro
https://www.biologicaldiversit....y.org/programs/popul

You can find Cora’s book and blog here: https://www.thelingerieaddict.....com/in-intimate-deta

Video tags:
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