MIT Introduction to Deep Learning 6.S191: Lecture 1
Foundations of Deep Learning
Lecturer: Alexander Amini
2023 Edition

For all lectures, slides, and lab materials: http://introtodeeplearning.com/

Lecture Outline
0:00​ - Introduction
8:14 ​ - Course information
11:33​ - Why deep learning?
14:48​ - The perceptron
20:06​ - Perceptron example
23:14​ - From perceptrons to neural networks
29:34​ - Applying neural networks
32:29​ - Loss functions
35:12​ - Training and gradient descent
40:25​ - Backpropagation
44:05​ - Setting the learning rate
48:09​ - Batched gradient descent
51:25​ - Regularization: dropout and early stopping
57:16​ - Summary

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The documentary film "History of Mathematics" takes viewers on a fascinating journey through time to explore the evolution of mathematics in various civilizations. From ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to Greece, China, India, and the Middle East, the film highlights the contributions of prominent mathematicians and their impact on the field.

The film delves into the use of decimal systems, the invention of the number zero and the concept of infinity, the creation of algebra, and the spread of Eastern knowledge to the West. With a combination of historical footage, expert interviews, and breathtaking visuals, this documentary brings to life the rich history of mathematics and its role in shaping the world we live in today..

1:20 - Mathematics in Egypt
19:30 - Mathematics in Mesopotamia
35:21 - Mathematics in Greece
54:21 - Mathematics in China
1:10:08 - Mathematics in India
1:35:36 - Mathematics in Europe

#mathematics #math #history #documentary

Let's explore the most amazing man-made and natural wonders of our Planet Earth. In this thrilling documentary we will take you on an adventure around the planet, uncovering the most beautiful places that exist on our green planet.

Let's delve into the exploration of awe-inspiring landscapes, including majestic mountains, tumbling waterfalls, expansive glaciers, secret caves, erupting volcanoes, geological craters and canyons, the diverse marine life of underwater worlds, and lush jungles.

We will visit over 150 different locations in this FREE 4k documentary including: Old Man of Storr, Cappadocia, Grand Canyon, Valle de la Luna, Mount Fanjing Temple, Valley of the Baobabs, Lencois Maranhenses, Faroe Islands, Banff National Park, Amazon Rainforest, Matterhorn, Petra, Richat Structure, Monument Valley, Lake Natron, Greenland, Petrified Forest, Waitomo Caves, Death Valley, Moorea, Cliffs of Moher, Nusa Penida, Yosemite, Sahara Desert, Ice Hotel, Angel Falls, Antarctice, Deadvlei, and many many more!

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Sal Khan, the founder and CEO of Khan Academy, thinks artificial intelligence could spark the greatest positive transformation education has ever seen. He shares the opportunities he sees for students and educators to collaborate with AI tools -- including the potential of a personal AI tutor for every student and an AI teaching assistant for every teacher -- and demos some exciting new features for their educational chatbot, Khanmigo.

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#ted #tedtalks #education #ai #khanacademy

There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us: “What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?” We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries…

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FURTHER READING

You can read more on this and other subjects in our articles, here: https://t.ly/JYcLU

“There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us:

What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?

We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries:

To please my father, I needed to…
To please my mother, I needed to…

Not to upset my mother, I needed to…
Not to upset my father, I needed to…

Whatever might be claimed, no family ever gives its offspring unconditional love; there is always, more or less subtly, something that one has to do and to be - and other things that must at all costs be skirted…”


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CREDITS

Produced in collaboration with:

Deanca Rensyta
https://www.deancarensyta.com


Title animation produced in collaboration with


Graeme Probert
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Why I haven't washed my hair in 5 years
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It’s 4am, and the big test is in 8 hours. You’ve been studying for days, but you still don’t feel ready. Should you drink another cup of coffee and spend the next few hours cramming? Or should you go to sleep? Shai Marcu defends the latter option, showing how sleep restructures your brain in a way that’s crucial for how our memory works.

Lesson by Shai Marcu, animation by Javier Saldeña.

The Real Reason We Drink Cow’s Milk
Click my CoPilot link https://go.mycopilot.com/johnnyharris to get a FREE TRIAL with your own expert fitness and health coach.

Ever wonder why your mom made you drink so much milk as a kid? Turns out the answer is a lie.

Btw we recently experimented with a new map only format to tell the story of the US government meddling in other countries. Check it out and let me know if you like it and we’ll do more! https://youtu.be/_wIOqHSsV9c

Next week’s video is already live. It’s about why unemployment is a much bigger deal than we realize. Go watch now on Nebula (a portion of your subscription goes directly to support our channel): https://nebula.tv/videos/johnn....yharris-unemployment

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Thank you to Michael Moss for lending his expertise. You can read his book “Hooked” here - https://www.mossbooks.us/#HOOOKEDOutSoon

A big thank you to Melanie Dupuis for speaking to us for this video. She has a fantastic book that we cited throughout this piece. Read “Nature’s Perfect Food: How Milk Became America’s Drink” here - https://books.google.ch/books?id=V_CuITfG-FgC&pg=PA47&dq=how+we+started+drinking+milk&lr=&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false

Thank you to Ariana Gerstein and her film “Milk in the Land.” Check out her website to see more of her work - https://www.arianagerstein.com/

About:
Johnny Harris is an Emmy-winning independent journalist and contributor to the New York Times. Based in Washington, DC, Harris reports on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe, publishing to his audience of over 3.5 million on Youtube. Harris produced and hosted the twice Emmy-nominated series Borders for Vox Media. His visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways.

- press -
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/1....1/09/opinion/democra
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/video/....opinion/100000007358
Vox Borders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLrFyjGZ9NU
NPR Planet Money: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1072164745


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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-....to-practice-effectiv

Mastering any physical skill takes practice. Practice is the repetition of an action with the goal of improvement, and it helps us perform with more ease, speed, and confidence. But what does practice actually do to make us better at things? Annie Bosler and Don Greene explain how practice affects the inner workings of our brains.

Lesson by Annie Bosler and Don Greene, animation by Martina Meštrović.

How does ballet convey narrative, emotion, and character? Dive into “The Sleeping Beauty” to see how a ballet creates its essential elements.

--

A baby cursed at birth. A fierce battle of good and evil. A true love awoken with a kiss. Since premiering in 1890, “The Sleeping Beauty” has become one of the most frequently staged ballets in history. So what makes this piece so beloved? And what exactly does ballet bring to this— or any other— story? Ming Luke shares what makes ballet the perfect medium for stories old and new.

Lesson by Ming Luke, directed by Visorama.

Animator's website: http://www.visorama.tv/
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Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Arlene Weston, phkphk123321, Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Austin Randall, Abhishek Bansal, Jayant Sahewal, Dian Atamyanov, igor romanenko, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Brandy Sarver, Guy Hardy, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Karl Laius, Madee Lo, JY Kang, Marc Bou Zeid, Abhishek Goel, Charles A Hershberger, Coenraad Keuning, Robert Seik, Heidi Stolt, Alexis Hevia, Todd Gross, Brady Jones, Christina Salvatore, Zhong Ming Zenny Tan, Karisa Caudill, Bruno Pinho, Derek Drescher, Mihail Radu Pantilimon, Amin Shahril, Mohamed Elsayed, Barthélémy Michalon, Chumi Ogbonna, Karlee Finch, Mohammad Said, jj5252, Kelvin Lam, Mauricio Basso, Athena Grace Franco, Tirath Singh Pandher, Melvin Williams, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Nicolas Silva, Raymond Lee, Kurt Almendras, Denise A Pitts and Abdallah Absi.

Why one of the greatest inventors of all time died penniless.

*Correction: @ 7:03 It's debated who "discovered" America. The 400th anniversary of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 marked Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas.

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WTF is a Deep Fake?

Ready or not, deep fakes are here to stay. Deep fakes are going to change the way we trust information around us and even each other. The question is - are we prepared for the threat they cause while being able to harness their potential for good?

My next video is live on Nebula NOW! It's about how countries are starting to challenge the US-led world order that emerged after World War 2. Watch now: https://nebula.tv/videos/johnn....yharris-were-heading

Check out all my sources for this video here: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1m-P_PVIa4PRfIc

-- VIDEO CHAPTERS --
0:00 Intro
1:51 Incogni
3:54 What Are Deep Fakes?
8:01 The Good Side of Deep Fakes
8:58 And the Bad Side
11:37 Misinformation
13:17 The Legal System
14:58 Cyber Crime
16:55 Solutions
18:51 Conclusion



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About:
Johnny Harris is an Emmy-winning independent journalist and contributor to the New York Times. Based in Washington, DC, Harris reports on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe, publishing to his audience of over 3.5 million on Youtube. Harris produced and hosted the twice Emmy-nominated series Borders for Vox Media. His visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways.

- press -
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/1....1/09/opinion/democra
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/video/....opinion/100000007358
Vox Borders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLrFyjGZ9NU
NPR Planet Money: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1072164745


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Dig into the science of stretching, and find out what it actually does to your muscles and how you can improve your flexibility.

--

An athlete is preparing for a game. They’ve put on their gear and done their warmup, and now it’s time for one more routine — stretching. Typically, athletes stretch before physical activity to avoid injuries like strains and tears. But does stretching actually prevent these issues? And if so, how long do the benefits of stretching last? Malachy McHugh explores the finer points of flexibility.

Lesson by Malachy McHugh, directed by Sofia Pashaei.

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In the third act of "Swan Lake", the Black Swan pulls off a seemingly endless series of turns, bobbing up and down on one pointed foot and spinning around and around and around ... thirty-two times. How is this move — which is called a fouetté — even possible? Arleen Sugano unravels the physics of this famous ballet move.

Lesson by Arlene Sugano, animation by Dancing Line Productions.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-....origins-of-ballet-je

Can you imagine a party where every movement and every visual detail were governed by a complex system of rules and procedures? For centuries, such rituals were commonplace for European nobility. And while they’ve gone out of fashion, we recognize the components under a familiar label: ballet. Jennifer Tortorello and Adrienne Westwood outline the history of this graceful and precise dance.

Lesson by Jennifer Tortorello and Adrienne Westwood, animation by Moran Barak Studio.

A visual and musical journey to the edge of our universe, visualizing the fabric of space-time in order to study its dynamics and different forms...

0:00 - Galaxies
2:05 - Big Bang
3:20 - The Earth
6:35 - Black hole
9:10 - Rotating black hole
10:37 - Gravitational waves

You can listen to the soundtrack on SoundCloud :
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What optical effects appear when we accelerate? Could we reach the speed of light? And what would we see when we try to go faster? All these answers in 15 minutes!

0:00 - Introduction
1:01 - Take-off
2:25 - Aberration of light
4:41 - Doppler effect
6:50 - Time dilation
7:48 - Length contraction
10:28 - Speed of light
12:24 - Warp drive

This video is narrated by Octave Masson.
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To learn more :
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Brown University computer scientist Ellie Pavlick is translating philosophical concepts such as “understanding” and “meaning” into concrete ideas that are testable on LLMs.

Read more at Quanta Magazine: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../does-ai-know-what-a
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Quanta Magazine is an editorially independent publication supported by the Simons Foundation: https://www.simonsfoundation.org/

Quanta Magazine’s mathematics coverage in 2023 included landmark results in Ramsey theory and a remarkably simple aperiodic tile capped a year of mathematical delight and discovery.

Read about more math breakthroughs from this year at Quanta Magazine: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../the-biggest-discove

00:05 Ramsey Numbers
One of the biggest mathematical discoveries of the past year was in graph theory where the proof of a new, tighter upper bound to Ramsey numbers. These numbers measure the size that graphs must reach before inevitably containing structures called cliques. The discovery, announced in March, was the first advance of its type since 1935.
- Original story with links to research papers can be found here: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../after-nearly-a-cent

06:21 Aperiodic Monotile
The most attention-getting result of the year was the discovery of a new kind of tile that covers the plane but only in a pattern that never repeats. A two-tile combination that does this has been known since the 1970s, but the single tile, discovered by a hobbyist named David Smith and announced in March, has been a sensation.
CORRECTION: In the video, the image presented as the 'turtle' tile is in fact a rotated 'spectre' tile. To see the correct version of the turtle tile, you can visit Dave Smith's webpage: https://hedraweb.wordpress.com..../2023/03/23/its-a-sh
- Original story with links to research papers can be found here: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../hobbyist-finds-math
- Build your own aperiodic tiling patterns with Kaplan's online tool: https://cs.uwaterloo.ca/~csk/hat/h7h8.html

14:20 Three Arithmetic Progressions
Two computer scientists, Zander Kelley and Raghu Meka, stunned mathematicians with news of an out-of-left-field breakthrough on an old combinatorics question: How many integers can you throw into a bucket while making sure that no three of them form an evenly spaced progression? Kelley and Meka smashed a long-standing upper bound on the number of integers smaller than some cap N that could be put in the bucket without creating such a pattern.
- Original story with links to research papers can be found here: https://www.quantamagazine.org..../surprise-computer-s

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