We use touchscreen displays for hours every day, but do you know about all the intricate layers and components that make them work? This episode goes into the structure and basic function of a touchscreen display. What goes into making toughened glass strong, how do capacitive touchscreens work, and how do OLEDs work? The merging of these technologies is what arguably makes the smartphone what it is! Take a look and learn more.

Do you want to support in-depth engineering and technology education? Support us on: https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation

Website: https://www.branch.education
On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/
On Twitter: https://twitter.com/TeddyTablante
On Insta: https://www.instagram.com/brancheducation/

Or Join us on YouTube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCdp4_l1vPmpN-gDbU

Table of Contents:
00:53 The Layers
01:35 Section 1: Toughened Glass
03:18 Section 2: Capacitive Touchscreen
05:07 Section 3: OLED Display
07:18 Section 4: Summary
07:48 Section 8: Outro

Key Branches from this video are: Multitouch, Electric Fields, Capacitors, OLEDs, LCDs, Material Transparency, Interface Aesthetics

Made by Teddy Tablante

Addendum & Erratum
LG Prada Predated the Iphone. LG Prada was released announced December 12th 2006 and sales started in May 2007.

5:43 Most smartphones use a pentile subpixel layout which is 2x Green for 1x Red and 1x Blue.

7:25 1Pixel = 1G+1B or 1G + 1R. Thus the latest phones are closer to 6.67Million itty bitty lights.

See sub-pixel details here:
https://www.oled-info.com/diam....ond-pixel-unique-gs4

---

Animation built using Blender 2.79b https://www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro and Adobe After Effects
Sound editing with Reaper

Work Cited:
Wikipedia contributors. "Touchscreen." , "OLED."  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, August 30th, 2018

3M Touch Technology Brief. (2013). “Projected Capacitive Technology” 

Varshneya, A.K., Bihuniak, P.P. (2017). Cover Screens For Personal Electronic Devices: Strengthened Glaass or Sapphire. American Ceramic Society Bulletin Vol. 96, No. 5

Blankenbach Karlheinz. (2014). "Organic Light Emitting diodes (OLED)." Pforzheim University, Germany.

Images of Cellphones acquired from Wikimedia Commons. "HP150" , "Motorola DynaTAC 800x" ,"Appled Newton", "IBM Simon", "Nokia 1610", "Nokia 3310" , "Ipod [1]" , "Blackberry 5810", "Motorola Razr", "IPhone [1]"  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, August 30th, 2018

Freudenrich, Craig PH.D. (2014)." How OLEDs Work" https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled1.htm

Music Attribution in Order:

Morning Dew from YouTube Audio Library

Plaidness from YouTube Audio Library

Water Lillies from YouTube Audio Library

Marxist Arrow by Twin Musicom is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rBlLC...

Sunburst, Tobu & Itro is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License
http://www.7obu.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lXBHD5C8do


Car and character models acquired from Blender Market

#touchscreen #smartphone #howdo

Go to http://brilliant.org/BranchEducation/ for a 30-day free trial and expand your knowledge. The first 200 people will get 20% off their annual premium membership.

Have you ever wondered how video game graphics have become incredibly realistic? How can GPUs and graphics cards render such incredibly detailed scenes? Well, in this video we're going to explore how just a bunch of data in your computer gets turned into realistic graphics. Additionally, we'll take a quick look into Ray Tracing, DLSS or Deep Learning Super Sampling, and many other complicated aspects of video game graphics.

We at Branch Education love to play video games, so this video has been one of our favorite ones to make thus far. It's kind of like getting to look under the hood of your childhood car. Also, it was surprising that practically all video games use similar basic steps to render each frame. Furthermore, as a fun fact, to create this video our team used 1x 3090ti, 3x 3090s, and the model that we tore down was a 3090.

There are just sooooo many topics in the realm of computer graphics that we couldn't cover. If you're interested in part 2 where we'll cover things like UVs, Normal Maps, Shadows, Reflections, Specular Reflections, and much more, tell us in the comments.

Do you want to support in-depth engineering and technology education? Support us at: https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation

Website: https://www.branch.education
On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/

Table of Contents:
00:00 - Video Game Graphics
01:11 - Graphics Rendering Pipeline and Vertex Shading
04:16 - Video Game Consoles & Graphics Cards
05:06 - Rasterization
06:51 - Visibility Z Buffer Depth Buffer
10:03 - Pixel Fragment Shading
11:35 - The Math Behind Pixel Shading
14:05 - Vector Math & Brilliant Sponsorship
16:11 - Flat vs Smooth Shading
17:25 - An Appreciation for Video Games
17:58- Ray Tracing
18:45 - DLSS Deep Learning Super Sampling
19:06 - GPU Architecture and Types of Cores
20:06 - Future Videos on Advanced Topics
20:24 - Outro for Video Game Graphics


Key Branches from this video are: How do JPEGs Work? How does Computer Hardware Work?

Erratum:

Animation: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya, Teddy Tablante
Script: Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Modeling: Mike Radjabov, Prakash Kakadiya
Voice Over: Phil Lee
Sound Design: www.drilu.mx
Sound Effects and Music Editor: Raúl Núñez
Supervising Sound Editor and Mixer: Luis Huesca

Animation built using Blender 4.0.1 https://www.blender.org/

References:
The most important resource for making this video was Cem Yuksel [ https://www.youtube.com/@cem_yuksel ] a professor in the School of Computing at the University of Utah. His online course on computer graphics and interactive graphics was incredibly useful.

"NVIDIA Ampere GA102 GPU Architecture" Second-Generation RTX. NVIDIA Corporation 2021

Wikipedia contributors. "Computer Animation" "Computer Graphics". "CUDA". "Graphics Pipeline". "History of Computer Animation". "NVIDIA". "Rasterization". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited December 21nd 2023

#graphics #gpu #algorithm

A ton of your devices use Bluetooth to communicate wirelessly. But how does Bluetooth work? In this video, we'll dive into the details of how your smartphone sends audio to your wireless headphones. Bluetooth is rather complicated and thus we're going to use a number of analogies and tools to explain it fully.

This video is sponsored by KIOXIA. Visit KIOXIA's website to see their lineup of solid-state drives:
www.kioxia.com

Do you want to support in-depth engineering and technology education? Support us on: https://www.patreon.com/brancheducation

Website: https://www.branch.education
On Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BranchEducation/
On Twitter: https://twitter.com/TeddyTablante
On Insta: https://www.instagram.com/brancheducation/

Or Join us on YouTube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCdp4_l1vPmpN-gDbU

This video is part of a series that explores how wireless headphones work.
1) Audio Codecs https://youtu.be/_ZKNOKHpqE4
2) Noise Cancellation https://youtu.be/VIi04uD8LtY

Script, Modelling, Animation, Editing- Teddy Tablante
Twitter: @teddytablante
Voice Over- Phil Lee

Table of Contents:
00:00 - How does Bluetooth Work?
00:37 - Traffic Lights
01:26 - 2.4GHz Spectrum
02:44 - Issues with the Bluetooth Visualization
05:56 - Details behind Bluetooth
07:30 - Bluetooth Packets
08:27 - Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
10:58 - Noise in the 2.4GHz Spectrum
13:05 - Bluetooth Signal Integrity
14:21 - Sponsored Segment
15:33 - Frequency Shift Keying & Phase Shift Keying
18:16 - More Details on Scheduling & Packets
20:43 - Outro

Key Branches from this video are: Wireless Headphones & Audio Codecs, Noise Cancellation

Erratum:

Animation built using Blender 2.90.1 https://www.blender.org/
Post with Adobe Premiere Pro

Additional Patreon / YouTube Member Credits Not Shown in the Video:
Adit Kaul

Credits:
Wikipedia contributors. "Bluetooth", "Frequency-Shift Keying" , "Phase-Shift Keying" , "Wireless" Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited May, 2021

Music Credits
Sunburst, Tobu & Itro is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License
http://www.7obu.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lXBHD5C8do

#bluetooth #wireless #headphones

99% of all internet traffic – from this video to your Pokemon Go account to your family WhatsApp group – runs on a hidden network of undersea cables. Why should you care? Because modern life is increasingly dependent on those slinky subaquatic wires. And they get attacked by sharks from time to time.

SUGGEST A TOPIC
https://techvision.tv​​​

Imagery supplied via Getty Images

How The Internet Travels Across Oceans

Flexible Buildings: The Future of Architecture | Engineering Documentary

World's Tallest Tower: Burj Khalifa - Dubai's Vertical City: https://youtu.be/NJI8mOv4VW4

Never before have there been so many people on Earth. The new world creates new challenges for us living together, one of the biggest being the infrastructure in the world we live in.

How can we ensure that the cities anonomyzing and isolating its inhabitants become places of encounter again? How can we use technology to create new spaces in areas where there is no space left? How can sustainable construction revolutionize the construction industry? - In the search for answers, the documentary presents current concepts and implementations from the core disciplines of architecture, development of building materials, and urban design.
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Subscribe Free Documentary Channel for free: https://bit.ly/2YJ4XzQ
Join the club and become a Free Documentary Patron: https://www.patreon.com/freedocumentary
Facebook: https://bit.ly/2QfRxbG
Twitter: https://bit.ly/2QlwRiI
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
#freedocumentary #documentary #flexible Buildings
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
Free Documentary is dedicated to bringing high-class documentaries to you on YouTube for free. With the latest camera equipment used by well-known filmmakers working for famous production studios. You will see fascinating shots from the deep seas and up in the air, capturing great stories and pictures from everything our beautiful and interesting planet has to offer.

Enjoy stories about nature, wildlife, culture, people, history and more to come.

Dive into the subconscious to see what’s really driving the decisions you make.
Official Website: https://to.pbs.org/3pUGv1s | #novapbs are you in control, or is your brain controlling you? Dive into the latest research on the subconscious with neuroscientist Heather Berlin. Sleepwalking, anesthesia, game theory, and more reveal surprising insights in this eye-opening journey to discover what’s really driving the decisions you make.

Chapters:
00:00 Introduction
03:22 Sleepwalking and the Brain
08:36 Anesthesia and the Brain
14:18 Results of Split Brain Surgery
22:23 Emotions and the Brain
30:01 How Does Trauma Affect the Brain?
35:39 How Much Control Do We Have of Our Brain?
45:44 Creativity and the Brain
50:17 Conclusion

© 2023 WGBH Educational Foundation

All rights reserved

This program was produced by GBH, which is solely responsible for its content.

This program is made possible by viewers like you. Support your local PBS station here: https://pbs.org/donate/

Enjoy full episodes of your favorite PBS shows anytime, anywhere with the free PBS App: https://to.pbs.org/2QbtzhR

Stay up to date on the latest science discoveries, full episodes, articles, videos, and more by signing up for NOVA's newsletter here: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/newsletter/

FOLLOW US:

NOVA
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/novaonline
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NOVApbs ​
Twitter: https://twitter.com/novapbs ​
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/novapbs/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@novapbs

PBS
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PBS/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/PBS/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/PBS/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/PBS/
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@pbs

Shop: https://shop.pbs.org/

#brainscience #perception #neuroscience #consciousness #subconscious #subconsciousmind