One man cracked his knuckles in one hand for 60 years and not the other. Watch the video to see what he found out.

Subscribe and turn on notifications 🔔 so you don't miss any videos: http://goo.gl/0bsAjO

There's a long-held myth that cracking your knuckles can damage your hands. The sound definitely might make people around you cringe, but what's making those noises, and is it actually bad for you?

There's a space in your joints filled with synovial fluid, a liquid that reduces the friction in your joints when you move. It contains gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide).

When you pop a joint, you stretch out that space between the bones. That expanding space creates negative pressure, like a vacuum, that sucks in the synovial fluid. It forms bubbles, which then collapse, and that's what you hear.

Most medical sources agree that unless you experience pain when you pop your joints, you're probably fine to keep doing it. Researchers (including one man who cracked his knuckles on just one hand for 60 years) haven't established a connection between cracking your knuckles and arthritis.

One 1990 study of 300 people did find that cracking knuckles over a long period of time led to hand swelling and decreased grip strength, but there hasn't been any follow-up research on that.

Read it here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC10040

Vox.com is a news website that helps you cut through the noise and understand what's really driving the events in the headlines. Check out http://www.vox.com

Make sure you never miss behind the scenes content in the Vox Video newsletter, sign up here: http://vox.com/video-newsletter

Support Vox's reporting with a one-time or recurring contribution: http://vox.com/contribute-now

Shop the Vox merch store: http://vox.com/store

Watch our full video catalog: http://goo.gl/IZONyE

Follow Vox on Facebook: http://facebook.com/vox
Follow Vox on Twitter: http://twitter.com/voxdotcom
Follow Vox on TikTok: http://tiktok.com/@voxdotcom

Gastroenterologists Dr. Sophie Balzora and Dr. Ugo Iroku debunk 13 myths about caffeine. They explain what decaf really means, how much caffeine is too much, and if caffeine affects your heart. They also talk about whether caffeine is good for you — plus ways it can actually be beneficial to your health.

Balzora is an assistant professor of medicine and a practicing gastroenterologist at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. She specializes in digestive conditions, colon cancer screening and prevention, and minority and women's health. You can learn more about her work here: https://nyulangone.org/doctors..../1487813994/sophie-m

Iroku is a gastroenterologist at Mount Sinai Hospital and New York Gastroenterology Associates. He has long-standing passion for combating health misinformation and for raising public health literacy. You can learn more about his work here: https://realdoctorugo.com/

0:00 Intro
0:25 Caffeine is bad for you
1:42 Caffeine will make up for lost sleep
2:43 Decaf coffee doesn't have caffeine
3:40 Drinking coffee will stunt your growth
4:46 Caffeine in soda is much less than caffeine in coffee
5:40 Caffeine detoxes your body
6:51 Caffeine dehydrates you
7:48 Caffeine is addictive
8:38 Having more than one cup of coffee a day is bad for you
9:38 You won't be able to sleep if you have caffeine at night
10:52 Caffeine can mess with your heart rhythm
11:52 Tea is healthier than coffee
13:18 The way you prepare your coffee doesn't matter

MORE DEBUNKED VIDEOS:
Cardiologists Debunk 12 Heart Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woh01kAbrTY
Dietitians Debunk 10 Sugar Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM_Dhssz6AM
Dietitian Nutritionists Debunk 19 Diet Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBvKATG6OQ

------------------------------------------------------

#caffeine #debunked #scienceinsider

Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.

Visit us at: https://www.businessinsider.com
Science Insider on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/BusinessInsi...
Science Insider on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/science_ins...
Business Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/businessinsider
Tech Insider on Twitter: https://twitter.com/techinsider

Doctors Debunk 13 Caffeine Myths | Debunked

Take the PBS Digital Studios audience survey: https://to.pbs.org/2021survey
We’re on PATREON! Join the community https://www.patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart
↓↓↓ More info and sources below ↓↓↓

It would be a lot easier to study the science of dreaming if we weren’t asleep every time we did it. Why do we dream? What does dreaming do for our brains? How did dreaming evolve? Here’s a look at the current theories from psychology and neuroscience.

References:
Barrett, D. (2017), Dreams and creative problem-solving. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1406: 64-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13412
Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Cesare Comoldi, Rossana De Beni, Iino Fagioli, Bizarreness Effect in Dream Recall, Sleep, Volume 16, Issue 2, March 1993, Pages 163–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.2.163
Eagleman DM, Vaughn DA (2021). The Defensive Activation Theory: REM Sleep as a Mechanism to Prevent Takeover of the Visual Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15:632853. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632853
El-Solh, A. A. (2018). Management of nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Current perspectives. Nature and Science of Sleep, 10, 409–420.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30538593/
Hughes, J. Donald. (2000). Dream Interpretation in Ancient Civilizations. Dreaming. 10. 7-18. 10.1023/A:1009447606158.
Káli, S., Dayan, P. Off-line replay maintains declarative memories in a model of hippocampal-neocortical interactions. Nature Neuroscience 7, 286–294 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1202
Montangero, Jacques & Ivanyi, Corinne & Saint-Hilaire, Zara. (2003). Completeness and accuracy of morning reports after a recall cue: Comparison of dream and film reports. Consciousness and cognition. 12. 49-62. 10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00029-6.
Stickgold, R., Malia, A.; Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000). Replaying the Game: Hypnagogic Images in Normals and Amnesics. Science. 290 (5490): 350–353. doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.350.
Valli, K., Revonsuo, A., Pälkäs, O., Ismail, K. H., Ali, K. J., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2005). The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 188–218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15766897/
van der Linden, S. The Science Behind Dreaming. Scientific American. July 26, 2011
Erin J. Wamsley, PhD, Karen Perry, MD, Ina Djonlagic, MD, Laura Babkes Reaven, MD, Robert Stickgold, PhD, Cognitive Replay of Visuomotor Learning at Sleep Onset: Temporal Dynamics and Relationship to Task Performance, Sleep, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.1.59
-----------

Special thanks to our Brain Trust Patrons:

Barbora Bei
Ken Board
T Clinger
Attila Pix
Burt Humburg
DeliciousKashmiri
Brian Chang
Roy Lasris
dani bowman
David Johnston
Salih Arslan
Baerbel Winkler
Robert Young
Amy Sowada
Eric Meer
Dustin
Karen Haskell
AlecZero

Join us on Patreon!
https://patreon.com/itsokaytobesmart

Twitter
http://www.twitter.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.twitter.com/okaytobesmart

Instagram
http://www.instagram.com/DrJoeHanson
http://www.instagram.com/okaytobesmart

Merch
https://store.dftba.com/collec....tions/its-okay-to-be

Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/itsokaytobesmartpbs/

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-....benefits-of-a-good-n

It’s 4am, and the big test is in 8 hours. You’ve been studying for days, but you still don’t feel ready. Should you drink another cup of coffee and spend the next few hours cramming? Or should you go to sleep? Shai Marcu defends the latter option, showing how sleep restructures your brain in a way that’s crucial for how our memory works.

Lesson by Shai Marcu, animation by Javier Saldeña.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what....-s-the-value-of-vita

Vitamins are the building blocks that keep our bodies running; they help build muscle and bone, capture energy, heal wounds and more. But if our body doesn’t create vitamins, how do they get into our system? Ginnie Trinh Nguyen describes what vitamins are, how they get into our bodies -- and why they are so crucial.

Lesson by Ginnie Trinh Nguyen, animation by The Moving Company Animation Studio.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-....does-caffeine-keep-u

Over 100,000 metric tons of caffeine are consumed around the world every year. That’s equivalent to the weight of 14 Eiffel Towers! Caffeine helps us feel alert, focused, and energetic, even if we haven’t had enough sleep — but it can also raise our blood pressure and make us feel anxious. So how does it keep us awake? Hanan Qasim shares the science behind the world’s most widely used drug.

Lesson by Hanan Qasim, directed by Adriatic Animation.

Check out our Patreon page: https://www.patreon.com/teded

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-....sugar-affects-the-br

When you eat something loaded with sugar, your taste buds, your gut and your brain all take notice. This activation of your reward system is not unlike how bodies process addictive substances such as alcohol or nicotine -- an overload of sugar spikes dopamine levels and leaves you craving more. Nicole Avena explains why sweets and treats should be enjoyed in moderation.

Lesson by Nicole Avena, animation by STK Films.

When it comes to what you bite, chew and swallow, your choices have a direct and long-lasting effect on the most powerful organ in your body: your brain. So which foods cause you to feel so tired after lunch? Or so restless at night? Mia Nacamulli takes you into the brain to find out. Lesson by Mia Nacamulli, animation by Private Island.

Scientists like Prof Sinclair have evidence of speeding up, slowing, and even reversing aging.
Thanks to LastPass for sponsoring this video. Click here to start using LastPass: https://ve42.co/VeLP

What causes aging? According to Professor David Sinclair, it is a loss of information in our epigenome, the system of proteins like histones and chemical markers like methylation that turn on and off genes. Epigenetics allow different cell types to perform their specific functions - they are what differentiate a brain cell from a skin cell. Our DNA is constantly getting broken, by cosmic rays, UV radiation, free radicals, x-rays and regular cell division etc. When our cells repair that damage, the epigenome is not perfectly reset. And hence over time, noise accumulates in our epigenome. Our cells no longer perform their functions well.

To counter this decline, we can activate the body's own defenses against aging by stressing the body. Eat less, eat less protein, engage in intense exercise, experience uncomfortable cold. When the body senses existential threats it triggers longevity genes, which attempt to maintain the body to ensure its survival until good times return. This may be the evolutionary legacy of early bacteria, which established these two modes of living (repair and protect vs grow and reproduce). Scientists are uncovering ways to mimic stresses on the body without the discomfort of fasting. Molecules like NMN also trigger sirtuins to monitor and repair the epigenome. This may slow aging.

Reversing aging requires an epigenetic reset, which may be possible using Yamanaka factors. These four factors can revert an adult cell into a pluripotent stem cell. Prof. Sinclair used three of the four factors to reverse aging in the retinal cells of old mice. He found they could see again after the treatment.

Special thanks to:
Professor David Sinclair, check out his book "Lifespan: Why We Age & Why We Don't Have To"
Assistant Professor David Gold
Noemie Sierra (for polyp images)
Genepool Productions for telomere animations from Immortal: https://ve42.co/immortal
Epigenetics animations (DNA, histones, methylation etc) courtesy of: http://wehi.tv
Animation: Etsuko Uno
Art and Technical Direction: Drew Berry
Sound Design: Francois Tetaz & Emma Bortignon
Scientific Consultation: Marnie Blewitt
Courtesy of Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research

Filming, editing and animation by Jonny Hyman and Derek Muller

Music from https://epidemicsound.com "Clearer Views" "Innovations" "A Sound Foundation" "Seaweed"
Additional music by Kevin MacLeod from https://incompetech.com "Marty Gots a Plan"

Are Vitamins and Supplements a Scam?
Click https://go.mycopilot.com/johnny-harris to get 14 days FREE with your own personal trainer!

The supplements industry — with all its vitamins, weight loss pills, workout powders, and hormones — has been growing exponentially over the last couple of decades despite there being no increased regulations for them. We wanted to know — are supplements dangerous to take, and are they even effective?

Thank you to the experts we spoke with that helped with our research in this story:
Dr. C. Michael White, Pharm.D., FCP, FCCP
Dr. F. Perry Wilson, MD, MSCE
Dr. Edzard Ernst, MD, PhD, MAE, FMedSci, FRSB, FRCP

And thank you to Ryan Howkins, the founder of the Lion’s Mane Recovery subreddit, who brought the Lion’s Mane story to our team. You can find the subreddit here: http://reddit.com/r/LionsManeRecovery

Resources to look up supplements and vitamins:
US Pharmacopeia: https://www.usp.org/
NSF: https://www.nsf.org/

My next video is live on Nebula NOW! It's about how the world economy is changing. Watch now: https://nebula.tv/videos/johnn....yharris-how-the-worl

Check out all my sources for this video here: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1QpeAf2LG20Hzlo

-- VIDEO CHAPTERS --
0:00 Intro
3:57 How the Supplement Industry Works
12:25 What the Science Says
17:34 Supplements Gone Bad
25:19 What Can Be Done
28:28 Announcements & Outro

Check out my new channel with Sam Ellis - Search Party: https://youtube.com/@Search-Party

Get access to behind-the-scenes vlogs, my scripts, and extended interviews over at https://www.patreon.com/johnnyharris

Do you have an insider tip or unique information on a story? Do you have a suggestion for a story you want us to cover? Submit to the Tip Line: https://docs.google.com/forms/....d/e/1FAIpQLSdpNs1ykI

I made a poster about maps - check it out: https://store.dftba.com/produc....ts/all-maps-are-wron

Custom Presets & LUTs [what we use]: https://store.dftba.com/produc....ts/johnny-iz-luts-an

The music for this video, created by our in house composer Tom Fox, is available on our music channel, The Music Room! Follow the link to hear this soundtrack and many more: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hDeO03FIZ4

About:
Johnny Harris is an Emmy-winning independent journalist and contributor to the New York Times. Based in Washington, DC, Harris reports on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe, publishing to his audience of over 3.5 million on Youtube. Harris produced and hosted the twice Emmy-nominated series Borders for Vox Media. His visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways.

- press -
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/1....1/09/opinion/democra
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/video/....opinion/100000007358
Vox Borders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLrFyjGZ9NU
NPR Planet Money: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1072164745


- where to find me -
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/
Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@johnny.harris
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JohnnyHarrisVox
Iz's (my wife’s) channel: https://www.youtube.com/iz-harris

- how i make my videos -
Tom Fox makes my music, work with him here: https://tfbeats.com/
I make maps using this AE Plugin: https://aescripts.com/geolayers/?aff=77
All the gear I use: https://www.izharris.com/gear-guide

- my courses -
Learn a language: https://brighttrip.com/course/language/
Visual storytelling: https://www.brighttrip.com/cou....rses/visual-storytel

In this 3D animation, we explore the fascinating world of the digestive system. From the moment food enters our mouths to its transformation into vital nutrients, the video breaks down each stage with stunning visuals and clear explanations.

Timecodes:
0:00 Mouth
0:06 Esophagus
0:26 Stomach
1:26 Carbs vs. Proteins vs. Fats
1:42 Small Intestine
2:13 Large Intestine
3:03 Odor of Stool
3:25 Rectum
3:36 Next video

How the Digestive System Works | 3D Animation
Images/videos used under license from Shutterstock.com